What best outlines how the teacher measures children's understanding of scientific concepts?

Measuring children's understanding of scientific concepts is best accomplished through observation of their progression in activities. This approach allows teachers to gain insight into how children apply concepts in real-time, assess their problem-solving skills, and understand their thought processes. When observing children as they engage in hands-on activities, teachers can identify misconceptions, gauge the level of comprehension, and tailor future instruction to meet the needs of each child.

Observations provide valuable context that can reveal not just what children know, but how they think and engage with scientific concepts, making this method a robust measure of understanding. The other options, while valuable, do not provide the same depth of insight. For instance, group discussions and summary responses can offer some feedback, but they may not fully capture individual understanding during active learning. Similarly, listing daily expectations helps guide learning but does not directly measure children's grasp of scientific concepts.