What type of feedback is most effective in supporting student learning?

Specific and actionable feedback is the most effective in supporting student learning because it gives students clear insights into what they did well and what areas need improvement. This type of feedback is focused and detailed, allowing students to understand exactly which skills or concepts they should continue to develop.

When feedback highlights specific strengths, it reinforces successful strategies, while pointing out areas that require further attention leads to targeted practice. This approach not only communicates high expectations but also fosters a growth mindset, encouraging students to see challenges as opportunities to learn rather than as setbacks.

In contrast, general praise does not provide any substantial information for improvement, while negative criticism can demotivate students or cause anxiety. Vague observations also lack the clarity needed for students to make meaningful changes to their learning strategies. By providing specific, actionable feedback, educators can effectively guide students toward their learning goals, fostering both academic and personal growth.